Certified Transport Registered Nurse Certification Practice Exam

What term describes the active state in which a patient can initiate their own breaths above the ventilator settings?

1. Mandatory ventilation

2. Assist Control

3. Spontaneous breathing

4. Pressure support

The correct answer is: Spontaneous breathing

The term that describes the active state in which a patient can initiate their own breaths above the ventilator settings is spontaneous breathing. This occurs when a patient, who is on mechanical ventilation, is able to take breaths independently of the ventilator's preset settings. In this mode, the patient has the ability to control their own respiratory rate and depth, which can enhance their respiratory effort and comfort. Spontaneous breathing is particularly important for patient autonomy and can contribute to the weaning process from mechanical ventilation, as it demonstrates that the patient is capable of adequate ventilation on their own. It allows for a more natural breathing pattern and is often a sign of improving respiratory function. In contrast, assist control allows for both patient-initiated breaths and ventilator-supported breaths but does not emphasize the patient's ability to solely rely on their own respiratory effort. Mandatory ventilation and pressure support have different mechanics: mandatory ventilation does not allow for patient-initiated breaths, and pressure support requires an effort from the patient but typically does not allow for complete independence, as it provides support to each breath the patient initiates. Thus, spontaneous breathing accurately encapsulates the capacity for the patient to actively engage in their own ventilation without the obligation of the ventilator.