Certified Transport Registered Nurse Certification Practice Exam

What can cause confusion, seizures, and incapacitation in high-altitude environments?

1. Excess oxygen levels

2. High humidity levels

3. Physiologic effects of hypoxia

4. Low atmospheric pressure

The correct answer is: Physiologic effects of hypoxia

The correct answer is based on the physiological effects of hypoxia, which is a state where there is insufficient oxygen available to the body. At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure decreases, which leads to a reduction in the amount of oxygen available for respiration. This decreased oxygen availability can have significant effects on the brain and other vital organs, leading to symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and incapacitation. As the oxygen levels diminish, the body can struggle to maintain adequate oxygenation for cellular functions, particularly in brain tissue which is highly sensitive to changes in oxygen levels. This can result in neurological disturbances, including altered mental status and convulsions. Hypoxia is a primary concern in high-altitude environments and necessitates acclimatization or supplemental oxygen for affected individuals. The other choices do not directly contribute to the specific symptoms mentioned in the question. Excess oxygen levels generally do not occur in high-altitude scenarios, as the issue primarily relates to a deficit. High humidity levels are not typical of high-altitude environments and do not significantly affect oxygen availability or the physiological responses associated with altitude sickness. Low atmospheric pressure is indeed a factor at high altitudes, but it is the resultant hypoxia that specifically leads to the confusion and seizures referenced in the question.